How Do I Define Categories for Categorized Graphs?

If categorized graphs are requested from output dialogs of specific procedures that involve analyses of subsets of data, then they will automatically display the subsets that are currently analyzed (i.e., the subsets are already defined as part of the current analysis). On the other hand, the categorized graphs requested from the Graphs menu offer a variety of methods to specify subsets using one or two grouping variables. Also, custom-defined subset definitions can be used that can involve all variables in the current datafile.

Specifically, categories can be defined by:

How Do I Produce Ternary Contour Plots and Surfaces?

Ternary plots of 3D surfaces or contours can be produced as part of the output from the analysis of mixture designs in the Experimental Design module. Ternary plots are also available from the Graphs - 3D XYZ Graphs:



and Graphs - Categorized Graphs menus.



For more information, refer to the Electronic Manual (accessible by pressing the F1 key).

How Do I Produce Graphs with Polar Coordinates?

Polar coordinates can be selected in the graph specification dialogs for histograms, scatterplots, line plots, and stacked/sequential plots accessible from the Graphs - 2D Graphs menu (use the Options 2 tab).

Categorized graphs with polar coordinates can also be produced.

In addition, many standard (Cartesian) graphs can be converted into polar coordinates by selecting Polar in the Coordinate system box on the Graph Layout tab of the All Options dialog (see below).



For more information, refer to the Electronic Manual (accessible by pressing the F1 key).

What Are Multiple Axes in Graphs?

An arrangement of axes (coordinate scales) in graphs, where two or more axes are placed parallel to each other in order to either:

How Is the Mouse Used in Graph Applications?

In addition to the standard Windows mouse conventions for selecting objects, the mouse can be used in many more specialized applications in the graphics window in STATISTICA. The following is a list of representative examples:

OLE. Links or embeds foreign document files to STATISTICA documents by dragging them directly from the desktop or Windows Explorer (across application windows) and dropping them onto STATISTICA Graphs.

Brushing. Highlights data points from the graph by clicking on them with the brushing tool or selecting them with a Box, Lasso, Cube, or a 2D or 3D Slice.

Zoom in and zoom out tools. Zooms in ("magnifies") or zooms out ("shrinks"), respectively, the selected area of the graph.

Drawing tools. Adds rectangles, ovals (or circles), polylines and freehand drawings, arrows, etc. to a graph.

Resizing and moving. Resizes (drag on a "black selection square") or moves (drag the entire object) selected graph objects. Editing polyline objects. Reshapes individual segments of the polyline drawing by dragging on either the object area black selection squares or any of the black selection squares that mark the line segments.

Rotating text. You can interactively rotate custom text by selecting it in the graph and then dragging one of the object handles (small black squares) in the desired direction.

Controlling the mouse with the keyboard in graphs. You can also emulate the mouse with the keyboard in order to move or resize an object by selecting the object, placing the mouse pointer over the object, and then using the keyboard cursor keys to move or resize the object.

Note that the mouse pointer will change to the appropriate tool to match the application for which it is being used. Press the ESC key to return the mouse pointer to the default mode. You can also use the mouse pointer to customize the graph.

How Do I Select an Object in a Graph?

To select an object in a graph, simply click on the object with your mouse. Once an object has been selected, press the TAB key to navigate from object to object within your graph.

How Can I Interpret a 100(1-alpha)% Confidence Interval?

We often refer to a confidence level as the probability that a specific parameter will be contained in a given interval. For example, when we fit a 95% confidence interval to a fitted line, we say there is a 95% probability that the "true" fitted line (in the population) falls between the interval. As Hahn & Meeker point out in their book on statistical intervals (Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, 1991), this definition is common, but not entirely precise:

A 100(1-alpha)% confidence interval for an unknown quantity Theta may be characterized as follows: 'If one repeatedly calculates such intervals from many independent random samples, 100(1-alpha) % of the intervals would, in the long run, correctly bracket the true value Theta [or equivalently one would in the long run be correct 100(1-alpha)% of the time in claiming that the true value of theta is contained within the confidence interval].' More commonly, but less precisely, a two-sided confidence interval is described by a statement such as 'we are 95% confident that the interval theta-lower to theta-upper contains the unknown true parameter value of theta.' In fact the observed interval either contains theta or does not. Thus the 95% refers to the procedure for constructing a statistical interval, and not to the observed interval itself.

Graph Customization
General Features

When and How Can I Customize STATISTICA Graphs?

All graph customization facilities in STATISTICA are available when a graph window is active (thus, after a graph has been shown). There are two major types of graph customizations:

How Do I Add a New Plot to an Existing Graph?

Click the Add new plot button on the Plot: General tab of the All Options dialog (accessible from the Format menu). A subsequent New plot(s) dialog s displayed in which you can specify the plot to be added. You can also add a new plot directly to the Graph Data Editor (see the Electronic Manual).

What Is the All Options Dialog?

The All Options dialog contains 15 to 20 tabs that address all of the relevant customizable features for a particular graph. The tabs are grouped in clusters containing logically related items. The options on the All Options dialog are an all-inclusive "superset" of options accessed by double-clicking specific graph features.

Access the All Options dialog directly by selecting All Options from the graph Format menu, by double-clicking the background (e.g., the area outside the axes) on a graph, or by selecting Graph Properties (All Options) from any graph shortcut menu.

What Is the Plot Layout Dialog?

The Plot Layout dialog is an intermediate customization dialog that provides access to all of the relevant customizable plot features for a particular graph.



The options on the Plot Layout dialog are a subset of the complete set of graph options that are contained on the All Options dialog.



You can access the Plot Layout dialog by clicking the All Options button on any plot-specific feature customization dialog (e.g., by clicking the All Options button on the Fitting dialog, shown above) as well as from graph shortcut menus.

What Is the Axis Layout Dialog?

The Axis Layout dialog is an intermediate customization dialog that provides access to all of the relevant customizable axis features for a particular graph.



The options on the Axis Layout dialog are a subset of the complete set of graph options that are contained on the All Options dialog.



You can access the Axis Layout dialog by clicking the All Options button on any axis-specific feature customization dialog (e.g., by clicking the All Options button on the Scaling dialog, shown above) as well as from graph shortcut menus.

How Can I Adjust the Margins of a Graph?

Margins within the graph area. Click the Set Graph Area button on the Graph Tools toolbar to adjust the space between the edge of the plotting area (i.e., the borders of the graph window) and any graph components or custom graphic objects. This can be accomplished by clicking the Set Graph Area button and either 1) dragging the resizing squares that appear around the edges of the graph window or 2) drawing a rectangle in the place where you want the graph to be.

Note that you can also adjust margins on the Document Size and Scaling dialog (accessible by clicking the Adjust the Graph Actual Size/Scaling button, see Chapter 6 - STATISTICA Graphs: General Features).

Printout margins. The printout margins (the width of the distance between the edge of the paper and the beginning of the graph area) can be adjusted in the Print Preview dialog (accessed from the File menu).

How Can I Change the Proportions of the Graph Window?

Use the Document Size and Scaling dialog (accessible by clicking the Adjust the Graph Actual Size/Scaling button) to change the current graphs aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of its vertical to horizontal dimensions). Note that the global default graph aspect ratio can be modified on the Graphs 2 tab of the Options dialog (accessible via the Tools menu).

How Do I Produce Sequences of Graphs from Lists of Variables?

Specifying lists of variables for Graphs menu graphs. Most of the graph specification dialogs accessible from the Graphs menu allow you to select lists of variables in instances where a single variable is sufficient to define a graph. When such a list of variables is specified, STATISTICA cycles through the list and produces one graph for each variable (e.g., a histogram or a line plot).

As shown in the illustration above, a separate histogram was drawn for each of the selected variables.

"Cascades" of graphs requested from output dialogs. Most of the output (results) dialogs in those statistical procedures that process lists of variables allow you to generate "cascades" of graphs for each (or each combination) of the variables in the current list. For example, such graphs can be produced from descriptive statistics, correlations, frequencies, cross-tabulations, breakdowns, and other procedures:

As shown in the illustration above, a probability plot is created for each variable specified in the analysis.

Automatic printouts. Note that when using either of the two methods mentioned above, you can automatically produce printouts of all graphs (in a STATISTICA Report) by selecting the Also send to Report Window check box on the Output Manager tab of the Options dialog. This report can then be edited and formatted using all the features available in the report window. Alternatively, you can send all output to a workbook (as shown above), then print the entire workbook.

Specifying sequences of graphs in STATISTICA Visual Basic. Finally, multiple graphs can be generated in batch using STATISTICA Visual Basic. For more information on STATISTICA Visual Basic and how you can write macros to perform statistical analyses and create graphs.

How Do I Specify Properties for Point Markers?

Controls for modifying point markers for the various plots are located on the General dialog accessible by double-clicking on a point marker. You can also access these controls on the Plot: General tab of the All Options dialog (accessible via the Format menu). Note also that point markers (and fonts) can be increased or decreased using the Increase Font or Decrease Font toolbar buttons, respectively.

How Do I Specify Area Properties?

The quickest way to modify area properties (e.g., patterns, colors, etc.) is to right-click on the area you want to modify, and select Pattern from the shortcut menu to display the Area Properties dialog. You can use this dialog to change the area color, pattern, and style in the graph. The default patterns, colors, and modes of display of consecutive plots and other components of the graphs are determined by the current selections in the Graphs 1 tab of the Options dialog (accessible from the Tools menu). Note that the Area Properties dialog can also be accessed from the Plot: General tab of the All Options dialog (see Chapter 7 - STATISTICA Graphs: Creation and Customization).



After specifying a pattern in the Area pattern box, you can select a different color for the area Foreground (i.e., the main component or the "outside" of the item) and Background (the "inside" of the item) with these options.

Instead of specifying area patterns and color using the options described above, you can select the style you want to use for the area from the Area style box.

How Do I Specify Line Properties?

The quickest way to modify line properties (e.g., size, colors, etc.) is to right-click on the line you want to modify, and select Pattern from the shortcut menu to display the Line Properties dialog. You can use this dialog to change the line width, pattern, and color in the graph. The default patterns, colors, and modes of display of consecutive plots and other components of the graphs are determined by the current selections on the Graphs 1 tab of the Options dialog (accessible from the Tools menu). Note that the Line Properties dialog can also be accessed by clicking the Line button on the Plot: General tab of the All Options dialog.



After specifying a pattern in the Line pattern box, you can select a different color for the line Foreground (i.e., the main component or the "outside" of the item) and Background (the "inside" of the item) with these options.

Instead of specifying line patterns and color using the options described above, you can select the style you want to use for the line from the Line style box. For more information about styles, see the Electronic Manual.

Can I Control the Resolution of Fit Lines?

Yes. Use the Resolution box on the Fitting dialog (accessible by double-clicking on the fitted line). Once a fitted function has been determined, the fit is approximated with segments on the x-axis. The Normal fit line is composed of 200 segments, and the number of segments increases in exponential fashion as you select Medium, High, Very High, or Perfect. Note that this option is only beneficial for fits with high curvature (i.e., a straight line fit will not be improved by this option, but a high-level polynomial fit will be). Selecting a higher number of points will result in a smoother appearance of the fitted function in the graph; however, selecting a higher number of points will also slightly slow down the graphing procedure.

Styles

What Are Graph Styles?

All of the numerous features that affect the appearance of the graph (from as elementary as the color of the font in the footnote to as general as the global features of the graph document) can be saved as individual "styles." These styles can be given custom names and later be reapplied using the Graphics Styles box on the left side of the Graph Tools toolbar or simple shortcuts (such as pressing a specific key combination or clicking a button on a custom toolbar). An intelligent system internally manages these thousands of styles and their combinations in STATISTICA and helps you achieve your customization objectives with a minimum amount of effort. All user-defined or modified styles will be saved automatically in the STATISTICA configuration file (e.g., different sets or systems of styles can be used for different projects). For further details, see the Configuration Manager tab of the Options dialog in the Electronic Manual.

How Can I Create a Style from a Custom Graph Title Format?

First, create a graph with custom title text. For example, open the Adstudy.sta datafile, and select Scatterplots from the Graphs menu to display the 2D Scatterplots creation dialog. Select variables, and type a title (e.g., Hotel Guest Survey) in the Custom title box on the Options 1 tab of the 2D Scatterplots dialog. Click the OK button to produce the graph.

Next, double-click the custom title at the top of the graph to display the Graph Titles/Text dialog. Click the Font button and change the font type, size, color, etc. as desired. Note that the specified changes are applied immediately to the title displayed in the text box on the dialog.

Finally, click the Styles button on the Graph Titles/Text dialog to display the Graphics Styles dialog, and either right-click in the Styles for Title box or click the ellipsis button. From the resulting menu, select Save As to display the Save As dialog, and enter a name for the style you have just created (e.g., surveytitle). Then click the Save button to store your custom title style for later use. Close the Graphics Styles dialog and click the OK button on the Graph Titles/Text dialog to apply the formatting features to the custom title on the current graph.

How Can I Apply a Saved Style to a Graph Title in a New Graph?

To apply the formatting captured in a saved style, highlight the title to which you want to apply the style. The current style name (most likely Default Top Title) will appear in the Graphics Styles box on the left side of the Graph Tools toolbar. Click on the Graphics Styles box and select the desired style (e.g., surveytitle created in the example in the previous section). The highlighted title will instantly switch to the selected style.

Does Altering the Graph Defaults on the Options Dialog Affect Graph Styles?

Only the default graph styles will be affected by changes made on the Graphs 1 and Graphs 2 tabs of the Options dialog (accessible via the Tools - Options menu). All other user-defined styles will not be affected these changes. Default system graph styles change to mirror the current system graph settings (as specified on the Graphs 1 and Graphs 2 tabs) without any need from you to manually update them. Conversely, user-defined graph styles will retain all of their internal settings, despite any changes made to the Graphs 1 and Graphs 2 tabs.

If I Save a Graph with Customized Styles, How Will This Graph Appear on a Colleague's Computer Who Does Not Have Those Particular Styles?

The graph will appear exactly as it did on your computer. Although every aspect of your graph's customization is encapsulated within graph styles, all customization applied to your graphs are fully portable. In fact, your colleague can then save the styles within your graph into his/her system by doing the following: first, click on the background of the graph and then right-click on the Graphic Styles box on the Graph Tools toolbar. In the shortcut menu that is displayed, select the Save As command.

The Save As dialog is then displayed. Use this dialog to specify the name for the new graph style and click the OK button. In this manner, the graph style that was originally installed on your system has now been ported to your colleague's system in a few simple steps, using a graph as a "carrier" (see the next topic).

Can I Transfer a Graph Style from One System to Another?

Yes, you can transfer a graph style from one system to another with two different methods. The first method involves using a graph itself as a "carrier" of the graph style, while the second method makes use of the configuration manager.

The first method is to apply the desired graph style to an appropriate graph. Next, save the graph and then open it on the other system. Click the background of the graph and then right-click on the Graphic Styles box on the Graph Tools toolbar. In the shortcut menu that is displayed, select the Save As command to display the Save As dialog. Specify the name for the new graph style and click the OK button. Now the graph style is part of the other system's graphics library. This is a quick and recommended means of porting a graph style.

The second method is to use the Configuration Manager tab of the Options dialog (accessible via the Tools - Options menu). Click the Export button to display the Select Configurations dialog. Then, select the active configuration and click the OK button. Finally, use the Save As dialog to save the *.xml file to a location where the other system can retrieve it and later import it into their system.

To import the configuration, click the Import button on the Configuration Manager tab of the Options dialog to display the Open dialog. Next, select the *.xml file that you had previously saved and click the Open button to display the Select Configurations dialog. Here, select the configuration with the graph styles that you need to import, and click the OK button. After you have imported the *.xml file, select the configuration that you have just imported on the Configuration Manager tab and click the Select button to load it. Once STATISTICA restarts, all of the graph styles from the other system will now be installed on the new system.

This latter method is the most efficient means of porting numerous graph styles; however, it may not be recommend because using the configuration manager will import all aspects of a system's settings (e.g., toolbar customization and output settings), not just its graph styles. If you only need to import graph styles, then the traditional method mentioned first is recommended.

What Do the Letter Icons Represent in the Graph Styles Manager?

Graphs are composed of collections of graph objects, that is, they are collections of labels, axes, fit lines, point markers, etc., as well as separate added objects such as circles, text boxes, or arrows. Graph styles address the properties of graph objects (e.g., size, color, thickness, and pattern of lines; size, shape, and color of point markers; colors and patterns used for definition of areas; size, color, and fonts for labels, titles, and scales; etc.). Graph styles are not used to add objects to graphs, but to specify the properties of objects already added to or specified for the graph. Styles can also be used to specify properties of objects that can be added to a graph later (e.g., arrows, rectangles, text, etc.).

Attributes and properties. There are two general classes of items for which a style can be created: attributes and properties. An attribute (designated with an A) is an object that affects the simple appearance of the graph, such as colors, line patterns, font sizes, font names, etc. A property (designated with a P) of a graph is an aspect of the graph that is not directly visible, such as what kind of plot to make, or what scale type to use.

Style collections. There are two additional classes of styles, collections of attributes (AA) and collections of properties and/or attributes (S ). All the elements of a collection of attributes are simple attributes, A. All the elements of a collection of properties and/or attributes are either properties or collections of attributes, P and AA.

User-defined styles. Any type of style that you create and save into your system will be denoted with a pencil on the icon, whether it is an attribute or property.

Scales

How Do I Customize the Layout and Format of an Axis?

Double-click on the respective axis to access the Scaling dialog, which contains customization facilities for all features of the current axis.



Note that the applicable features of the axis can be copied to other axes using the Copy axis specs to button on the Scaling dialog.

You can copy the features to either the corresponding (i.e., the opposite) axis or all other axes. The main scaling features of each axis can also be adjusted on the Axis Layout dialog (or the All Options dialog).

Alternatively, you can adjust individual features of an axis by selecting them from the shortcut menu accessible by right-clicking anywhere on that axis.

How Do I Replace Numeric Scale Values with Text Labels?

On the Axis: Scale Values tab of the All Options dialog (or on the Axis Layout dialog), select the Use text labels from data set check box. Note that if the variable plotted on this particular axis does not have text labels, you can create custom labels instead on the Axis: Custom Units tab of this dialog. Here you can create custom labels using an editable custom labels spreadsheet in which you can enter the appropriate numeric values (determining where the text labels are to be placed on the axis) and the corresponding text value labels.



For example, if the values were entered as in the dialog shown above, then the label Low would be placed in the location of 1 on the axis, label Medium in the location of 2, etc.

Can I Insert a Scale Break?

Yes. You can place one or more true scale "breaks" in a graph axis in order to "cut out" (i.e., "compress") certain areas of the graph space:



To do this, right-click on the axis in which you want the break to appear and select Scaling from the shortcut menu. In the resulting Scaling dialog, click the More button and add a new break by clicking the Add new scale break button.



Use the From and To boxes to adjust the break location. STATISTICA will place the break in the specified location of the scale after you click the OK button on the Scaling dialog. These options are also available on the Axis: Scaling tab of the All Options dialog. Note that you can add more than one scale break to an axis.

Can I Shift the Position of Axes Against the Graph?

Select the Shift axis by check box on the Axis: General tab of the All Options dialog to shift the position of the current axis by a specified number of points (enter a positive value to shift the axis outside the graph, enter a negative value to shift it inside). For example, when X is selected as the current scale, you can shift the x-axis upward by specifying a negative number as the shift value.



In order to imply that there is no causal relation between the X and Y variables, shift both axes by specifying a positive value in the points box of the respective x- and y-axes (causing a break where the x- and y-axes meet).



Note that the convention illustrated in the example above is not "universally" accepted, but is still used in some disciplines.

Can I Adjust the Number of Minor Units?

STATISTICA will adjust the number of minor units to the current step size value. However, you can adjust the number of minor units (as well as the default style and size of minor tickmarks) for each of the axes on the Axis: Minor Units tab of the All Options dialog (accessible from the Format menu). You can specify the number of tickmarks to use or have STATISTICA select the optimum number of minor tickmarks. The length and orientation of the tickmarks are also specified on this tab. Thickness and color of the tickmarks is addressed on the Axis: General tab.

Can I Specify Custom Locations for Tickmarks?

You can specify custom units (including their text labels, display format, and size of tickmarks) on the Axis: Custom Units tab of the All Options dialog.

What Is the Difference between Manual and Auto Scaling?

When the axis scaling is set to Manual in the Mode box, then the minimum, maximum, and step size for the axis are determined by the current values of the Minimum, Maximum, and Step size (as entered in the respective boxes in the Range group on the Axis: Scaling tab of the All Options dialog). If the Mode is set to Auto (i.e., automatic), then STATISTICA will automatically determine the scaling based on the range of values to be plotted.

Titles, Legends, Custom Text

Is All Graph Text Editable?

Yes. There are two different types of text in graphs. The first is normal editable text that you can change in the Graph Titles/Text dialog (e.g., by double-clicking on a title). The second is text that is automatically created and updated by STATISTICA, (e.g., graph legends, functions, statistics). This second type of text (and/or symbols) consists of separate "active objects" (e.g., the point marker symbol in a legend) that are automatically updated by STATISTICA. You can always insert new text in between active objects. Note that you can also selectively disconnect any active object from auto updating and therefore be able to edit it (but, of course, lose the auto-updating feature) by right-clicking on it and selecting Disconnect Object(s) from Graph from the resulting shortcut menu.

In the illustration above, the graph legend is being edited (by double-clicking on it to display the Graph Titles/Text dialog) and then the active object (i.e., the text MEASURE02) is being disconnected from the graph so it can be edited and changed to MEASURE 02.

Can I Customize the Location and Format of the Legend?

Fixed vs. movable legends. Legends can be treated in two ways in STATISTICA Graphs: either as fixed (unmovable) legends or movable legends. By default, when a graph is created, the legend is fixed (unmovable), which means that its position is automatically determined and the graph is moved to the left in the window to leave space for the legend (see the graphs below). You can make the graph legend movable so that you can reposition it in the graph and customize the text (e.g., adjust line spacing and the distance between the legend symbols and the text, etc.) and other attributes of the graph legend on the Graph Titles/Text dialog, (or on the Graph Titles/Text tab of the All Options dialog). To display the Graph Titles/Text dialog, either double-click on the legend or right-click on the legend and select Title Properties from the shortcut menu.

Once you set the legend to floating text, it will become like any other added text in the graph and you can edit the text or reposition the movable legend in the graph (click on it once and then drag it to the new position on the graph).



Fixed (unmovable) legends (i.e., titles) or floating (movable) legends can be temporarily removed from the graph by clearing the Display check box on the Graph Titles/Text dialog. The legend(s) can then be placed back into the graph by selecting the Display check box. The legends can be formatted using the mini-formatting toolbar on that dialog.

Text object properties. You can also add a custom background or frame to movable legends and/or text using the Text Object Properties dialog accessible by clicking the Text object properties button on the Graph Titles/Text dialog. The Text object properties dialog also contains options for specifying dynamic versus fixed placement of objects.

What Other Types of Legends Are Automatically Created in Graphs?

In addition to the standard fixed legend (which identifies patterns and colors used to mark individual plots in the graph), there are also other more specialized types of fixed legends. For example, there are contour legends that identify the levels in surface or contour plots.

icon legends that identify the assignment of icon features to specific variables.

or selection legends that identify the case selection conditions used to classify cases into multiple subsets shown on the graph.

All these fixed legends can be changed to movable legends following the same conventions outlined in the previous topic.

How Can I Add a Title to a Graph?

In every graph, there are five standard graph title positions: Title and Subtitle (both at the top of graph), Left, Right, and Footnote.



They can be edited in the Graph Titles/Text dialog, accessible by double-clicking on a specific title. For example, the following dialog [accessed by double-clicking on the line TITLE: Histogram (Hurrdata.sta 7v*209c)] shows the top title from the graph displayed above.



The titles can also be edited on the Graph Titles/Text tab of the All Options dialog.

Can I Enter a Symbol into a Graph Title?

Yes, you can easily enter symbols and special characters into a graph title. First, double-click on the title of the graph to display the Graph Titles/Text dialog. Change the font to Symbol, position the cursor at the point where you want the special character(s) to be inserted and enter the symbol(s) into the title.

Another way to retrieve these characters is to use the Character Map program that comes installed with Microsoft Windows. This application allows you to copy these characters to the Clipboard and then paste them into your title.

Can I Convert the Standard Titles into Movable Text?

You can convert a standard title into a movable (floating) title on the Graph Title tab of the All Options dialog. In the Advanced options group, change the Status to Floating.

How Do I Place a Graph Title or a Footnote in a Fixed Position?

You can convert the standard title or any custom text into one of the standard graph text positions (e.g., a footnote). You can also convert it into moveable text (see above) and then fix it in the desired location. After the floating title is created, click the Text object properties button on the Graph Titles/Text tab to display the Text Object Properties dialog. Here, you can position the title or footnote in the desired location.



If you intend for the text to stay in a particular place in the graph area regardless of future changes to the graph scales or graph location (within the graph area), clear the Dynamic check box in the Coordinates (left-upper) group, which will keep the text in the absolute window coordinates regardless of the changes to the graph (e.g., in 5% of the window width and length from the upper-left corner). See also the previous topic.

How Do I Rotate Text?

You can select the orientation (Horizontal, Vertical, Reversed horizontal, or Reversed vertical) of floating text objects (custom text and moveable legends) in the graph in the Orientation group of the Text Object Properties dialog (accessible from the Graphs Titles dialog). You can also rotate the text by specifying the rotation angle (from 0 to 359° or 0 to -359°) in the Angle box.



Alternatively, you can interactively rotate the text by selecting it in the graph and then dragging one of the handles (small black squares) in the desired direction,



or by pressing the PAGE DOWN and PAGE UP keys to rotate text objects selected in the graph clockwise or counterclockwise, respectively, in 5° increments. To rotate in 1° increments, hold down the CTRL key while pressing PAGE DOWN or PAGE UP. The rotation of text objects takes place around the object's anchor point.



The position of the anchor point can be adjusted in the Text Object Properties dialog.

Technical note: Rotatability of fonts. Some fonts cannot support rotation, and some fonts can support only limited rotation and will approximate rotation to the nearest angle to which it can be rotated. When these fonts are used, misalignment between the frame around the text and the font can occur. In this case, do not place a frame around the text. Also note that some printer drivers cannot support rotation of some fonts (even though the text may appear properly rotated on screen).

Fitting, Plotting Functions

How Do I Fit a Function to Data?

Access the Plot: Fitting tab of the All Options dialog, select the appropriate plot, and click the Add new fit button; then, select the desired type of function or smoothing procedure in the Fit type box. You can adjust the fitting options (e.g., stiffness or optimization settings) and the pattern for the graphical representation of the fit on that tab as well. The pattern can also be adjusted by double-clicking on the fit line or surface in the graph.

How Do I Display a Specific Equation for the Fitted Function?

In Graphs menu graphs, the display of the text of the fitted function equations can be requested by selecting either In title or As custom text in the Display fit expression box on the Options 2 tab of the graph specification dialog. Select Off in the Display fit expression box to suppress the display of fit equations.

Note that these options can be controlled globally (i.e., for all graphs) on the Analyses/Graphs tab of the Options dialog accessible from the Tools menu.

In all single plot and non-categorized graphs where only one function is fitted, the text of the equation is displayed in the first available line of the fixed title. Depending on the number of equations to be displayed, also in categorized graphs, the equations can be displayed in the fixed titles of the graph.

However, if more equations need to be displayed than the number of lines available in the fixed title, then STATISTICA will create a custom text object on the graph and place the equations there. Potentially, such lists of equations can be very long (e.g., include 256 equations), and thus the custom text object can be large and partially cover the graph. However, the location of the listing of functions can be adjusted (the list can be moved around and edited like any other custom text object, the font size reduced, etc.).



When the listing of functions is very long, it is recommended to add some space around the graph and place the text object there. You can add space around the graph using either the Adjust the graph actual size/scaling toolbar button or the Set graph area toolbar button.

How Do I Plot a Custom-Defined Function?

Select Custom Function Plots from either the Graphs - 2D Graphs or the Graphs - 3D XYZ Graphs menu and specify the function in the respective dialog. Also, you can add a custom function plot to any existing graph, as explained below.

Access the Custom Function tab of the All Options dialog and click the Add new function button. Use the options on this tab to specify the equation to be plotted in the 2D or 3D graph.

In addition to the standard math functions, a variety of functions representing distributions as well as their integrals and inverses are supported and can be plotted (including Beta, binomial, Cauchy, Chi-square, exponential, F, Gamma, geometric, Laplace, logistic, normal, log-normal, Pareto, Poisson, Student's t, and Weibull distributions).

Press the F1 key (when this tab is selected) to access the detailed syntax description and examples in the Electronic Manual.

How Do I Fit a Custom-Defined Function to Data?

The custom-function plotting facility (see the previous topic) accessible on the Custom Function tab of the All Options dialog plots the requested (custom-defined) functions and overlays them on the existing graph, It does not fit these functions to the data. A selection of the most commonly used, predefined functions that can be fitted to the data and smoothing procedures is available from the Plot: Fitting tab of the All Options dialog (e.g., linear, logarithmic, exponential, various polynomial, distance-weighted least squares, spline, and others).

Comprehensive facilities to fit to data (and interactively plot in two or three dimensions) user-defined functions of practically unlimited complexity are provided in the Nonlinear Estimation module.

For more information on those techniques, refer to the Electronic Manual.

How Do I Plot a Parametric Curve?

To plot a parametric curve, select Custom Function Plots from the Graphs - 2D Graphs menu. Select the Custom Function tab of the 2D Custom Function Plots dialog, and select Parametric curve in the Type box.

This option allows you to plot a curve in the x-y plane that is defined parametrically; i.e., a curve that is defined by two simultaneous functions of a parameter t that ranges over some interval (Minimum, Maximum). You can specify an equation y = f(t) for the y-component of the curve, and an equation x = g(t) for the x-component of the curve; the range of parameter t can be specified in the Range of Parameter t group (Minimum, Maximum). This option allows you to plot various curves and functions that cannot be expressed in a simple fit of Type Function.

Example: Plotting a circle. To plot a circle you could specify:
y(t)=sin(2*pi*t)
x(t)=cos(2*pi*t)

For 0<=t<=1 (i.e., set the Minimum and Maximum values to 0 and 1, respectively). Note that the proportions of the plotted curves will always reflect the proportions of the X:Y scale coordinates in which the curves are plotted; therefore, for example, in order to obtain a perfect circle (as shown below), use the Graph Layout tab of the All Options dialog to set the Axis proportion to Equal. Alternatively, you could set the Axis proportion to Custom defined and the X and Y boxes to 1 and 1.

Example: Plotting a spiral. To plot a spiral, you could specify:
y(t)=t*cos(t)
x(t)=t*sin(t)

For 0<=t<=12 (i.e., set the Minimum and Maximum values to 0 and 12, respectively).

Note that the proportions of the plotted curves will always reflect the proportions of the X:Y scale coordinates in which the curves are plotted; therefore, for example, in order to obtain the spiral shown above, use the Graph Layout tab of the All Options dialog to set the Axis proportion to Equal. Alternatively, you could set the Axis proportion to Custom defined and the X and Y boxes to 1 and 1.

Brushing, Interactive Analysis

The brushing facility is accessible by clicking the Brushing Graph toolbar button or via the graph View - Brushing menu.

What is the Graph Data Editor?

The Graph Data Editor is a special version of spreadsheet that allows you to review directly the data that are plotted in the graph. This tool is useful for a variety of analytic applications, such as brushing or other forms of identifying specific data points. It also offers (sometimes) the only way to access data from those graphs, which do not plot raw values but values that have been derived, transformed, or result from specific analytic calculations, as well as values of the fitted functions. It can also be used to add additional plots of a compatible type to an existing graph.



This editor is available from the graph View menu, the graph Format menu, and the general graph shortcut menu (accessible by right-clicking on the background of any graph).

Is There a Glossary of Brushing Terms?

The following terms are used to denote specific aspects of brushing operations.

How Can Data Points Selected via Brushing Be Identified and Managed in the Graph Data Editor?

Data points that have been selected via brushing can be identified and managed in the Graph Data Editor (accessible by selecting Graph Data Editor from the Format menu) by selecting Data Selected by Brushing from the Layouts menu or the Graph Data Editor shortcut menu.

All points in the current plot of the Graph Data Editor that have been selected by brushing in the graph can be selectively copied to the Clipboard, copied to a new plot within the Graph Data Editor, moved to a new plot (i.e., deleted from their location in the original plot and pasted elsewhere), deleted, or deselected.

In addition, the attributes of points can be changed by clicking on them in the Graph Data Editor (or selecting them in a block) and using the options from the Layouts menu or the Graph Data Editor toolbar. Points can be Marked, Labeled, Turned Off, Highlighted (for temporary identification in the graph while in brushing mode), or Reset.

How Can Brushing Be Used in Exploratory Data Analysis?

There are countless applications of brushing to explore relationships between variables and/or the contribution of specific data points or subsets to those relationships.



A "typical" illustration of the use of brushing in exploratory data analysis is the examination of the contribution of data points representing different ranges or different levels of one variable to correlations between other variables, which can be inspected visually using a scatterplot matrix. For example, by including a categorical, three-level variable such as income level (Income) in a scatterplot matrix (see above), then by using the Box, Lasso, or Slice X brush, points can be selected from one income level, and the location of these points in scatterplots of all other variables (e.g., Assets, Debt) becomes immediately apparent.

How Can Brushed Data Points Be Identified and Managed in the Graph Data Editor?

All brushed points (whether marked, labeled, highlighted, or turned off) are easily identified in the Graph Data Editor. When data have been marked, they are displayed in bold font in the Graph Data Editor. Labeled cases are displayed in italics, and cases that are temporarily turned off are displayed with a darkened background. Highlighted cases are displayed in red. Cases in the Graph Data Editor that fall under more than one of the categories described above will have multiple overlaid formats applied, (e.g., a case that is both labeled and marked will be displayed in bold italics).

The Graph Data Editor toolbar provides various buttons for applying brushing actions to selected data points. That is, you can mark, label, highlight, or temporarily turn off selected data points (or unmark, unlable, dehighlight, and turn back on selected data points) in the Graph Data Editor using the toolbar buttons. You can also toggle the display of brushed data points using additional toolbar buttons.

What Is Animated Brushing?

Typical applications of animated brushing are in exploratory data analysis using matrix plots (see the previous topic), where instead of brushing consecutive ranges of a variable (to explore the influence of various sections of its distribution), you can invoke an automatic movement of the brush (Box, Lasso, Slice X, Slice Y, Slice Z, or Cube) and watch the "results."

Specifically, a brushing region is defined in one subgraph in the matrix and is automatically moved across the subgraph (horizontally, vertically, or both). As the brushing region passes over groups of points in the subplot, corresponding points in all other plots are highlighted.

For example, in the illustration below, the rectangular region can be advanced automatically across groups of points in the Income, and the corresponding points will be highlighted in plots of the other three variables. The speed and direction of the movement can be interactively controlled in the Animation dialog.



The Animate button is available on the Interactive tab of the Brushing dialog whenever the Draggable Brush check box is marked and the Box, Lasso, Cube, Slice X, Slice Y, or Slice Z brush is selected.

Draggable brush - a user controlled animation. Note that when the Draggable Brush check box is marked on the Interactive tab of the Brushing dialog, you can select cases via any of the six shape defining brushing tools (i.e., Box, Lasso, Cube, Slice X, Slice Y, or Slice Z), and then drag that shape to any position on the graph, thus animating the selection on your own. Note that the Draggable Brush check box must be selected before you make your selection in order to use the animated brushing facilities described above.

Can I Interactively Review Points That Belong to Specific Plots in Multiple Scatterplots and Other Multiple Graphs?

Identifying all points of a plot. In the (default) pointing mode (when the point tool is enabled), click on any point that belongs to the specific plot and all points of that plot will become highlighted. They will stay highlighted for as long as you keep pressing the mouse button. If there are many plots in the graph, and their respective point markers are small and difficult to identify, then you can click on the legend. This will also highlight all points that belong to the respective plot.

Identifying individual points of a plot. If you need to identify values of specific points in the graph, use the Brushing Tool.

How Can I Identify Specific Subsets of Data in a Graph?

Graphs menu graphs offer facilities to define subsets of cases to be identified in graphs. User-defined "multiple-subset" definitions of such subsets can be entered as logical case selection conditions of virtually unlimited complexity using facilities identical to those illustrated in producing categorized graphs.

These subset identification facilities are supported in many types of Graphs menu graphs, including matrix plots:



icon plots:



2D scatterplots, 3D scatterplots, 3D trace plots and other graphs.

Subsets can also be identified on the Extended tab of the Brushing dialog. This facility offers a wide variety of methods to identify subsets of data (which can be considered a "command driven" brushing). In this dialog, you can select ranges of values for the variables in the plot and examine their relations to other variables (for example, in a matrix plot; note that the layout of this dialog is somewhat different depending on the current type of graph).

Can I Interactively Identify Data Points in a Graph?

Yes, by marking them in the Graph Data Editor or labeling them selectively.

How Can I Use the Slices Brush?

2D graphs. When the brushing facility has been activated for a 2D graph such as a matrix scatterplot, available brush types in the Selection Brush group on the Brushing dialog include Slice X and Slice Y. When one of these is selected, the brushing tool can be used to define a vertical (Slice X) or horizontal (Slice Y) rectangle or "slice" of variable width on any of the individual graphs.

All of the point markers within the rectangular slice will become highlighted, and the corresponding point markers on the remaining matrix scatterplots will also be highlighted. Corresponding data will also be highlighted (by default colored red) in the Graph Data Editor.

If the Auto Animate checkbox on the Interactive tab of the Brushing dialog is selected, and the Animate button on the dialog is clicked, the slice will move back and forth on the x-axis (Slice X) or up and down on the y-axis (Slice Y) successively highlighting points that fall within the slice on all the graphs. The movement of the slices is controlled by the options on the Animation dialog that appears when the animation begins.



If the Slice X selection brush was chosen, the X Step slider will control the increments at which the slice moves across the x-axis. The Y Step slider will control increments at which the slice moves on the y-axis if the Slice Y selection brush was chosen. The automatic pause between successive incremental movements of the slice is controlled by the setting of the Waiting time slider. The Pause button located near the top of the Animation dialog can be toggled to start and stop the animation, and a Reset button is available to start the animation over at the location on the graph where the slice was originally defined.

3D graphs. The slicing tools discussed above can also be applied in 3D graphs such as 3D scatterplots. In this context, the individual slice tools define a rectangular prism on the graph. All of the points within the prism will be highlighted, as well as corresponding points in the Graph Data Editor. In 3D graphs, slices can be defined for x-, y-, or z-axes, and the prisms can be automated in a manner analogous to that described above for slices on 2D graphs. Note that in 3D graphs, a Cube selection brush is also available to define a 3D prism of any size within the graph. This tool performs in a manner analogous to the Box tool in 2D graph brushing, and it can be animated to move incrementally within the body of the graph in the x, y, and z directions.

3D Displays - Interactive Analysis

Can I Rotate or Adjust the Perspective of a 3D Graph?

Click the Rotate button on the Graph Tools toolbar to access the interactive rotation control facility, or select the Point of View tab on the All Options dialog to enter specific viewpoint parameters controlling the position of the imaginary viewpoint against the 3D object.

How Do I Perform Exploratory Spinning of 3D Data Displays?

Click the Rotate toolbar button to display the Point of View Settings and Exploratory Spin dialog, which is used for rotation, spinning (for analytic or exploratory purposes), and interactive adjustment of the point of view for three-dimensional displays.

Click the Analytic exploratory spin options button to set the display into continuous rotation in clockwise or counter-clockwise directions.

Refer to the Electronic Manual for more information about perspective and rotation controls in this window. Note that specific adjustments of the viewpoint and perspective (e.g., for an exact reproduction of a display) can also be made on the Point of View tab of the All Options dialog.

How Do I Change the Axis Proportions in 3D Graphs?

You can change the aspect ratio for both 2D and 3D graphs on the Graphs 2 tab of the Options dialog (accessible via the Tools menu). For 3D graphs, use the options in the 3D graphs axis proportions group.

Note that the adjustment does not modify the proportions of the graph window (only the axis proportions of the graph are modified).



For example, the default proportions of the axes in the graph above are 1:1:1 (i.e., the proportions of the X, Y, and Z sides are of equal length and form a regular cube). By changing the respective values, you can "flatten" (e.g., increase the proportions of the x- and y-axes compared to the z-axis: 1:1:.5)



or "stretch" (e.g., increase the relative length of just the z-axis: 1:1:2)



the 3D box in any direction. To change the axis proportions for a specific graph (i.e., locally), select the Graph Layout tab of the All Options dialog.

How Do I Define a Custom Selection of Levels for a Contour Plot or Surface Plot?

The primary controls for defining contour intervals for 3D surface or contour plots are accessed on the Surface Specifications dialog obtained by clicking the Surface specs button on the Plot: Fitting tab of the All Options plot customization dialog. (Display the All Options dialog by double-clicking on the outer background area of the graph.)

Number of contours/levels. The number of color levels placed on the graph is determined by default by the number of minor tickmarks spanned by the surface on the Z axis of the plot. This default option is in the Get shading levels from box near the top of the Surface Specifications dialog (available by clicking the Surface specs button on the Plot: Fitting tab). Note that other options for determining the number of contour levels to place on the graph include major tickmarks, custom tickmarks, and combinations of custom with major or minor tickmark options.

Specifying intervals. To control the numeric values that divide contours, use the Custom Units tab of the All Options plot customization dialog to specify as custom tickmarks the values corresponding to boundaries between contours. Then select Custom tickmarks from the Get shading levels from box near the top of the Surface Specifications dialog (available by clicking the Surface specs button on the Plot: Fitting tab).

How Do I Define a Custom Palette for a Contour Plot or Surface Plot?

The primary controls for defining colors for 3D surface or contour plots are accessed on the Surface Specifications dialog obtained by clicking the Surface specs button on the Plot: Fitting tab of the All Options plot customization dialog. (Display the All Options dialog by double-clicking on the outer background area of the graph.)

On 3D XYZ surface plots (or contour plots, which are projections of 3D surfaces onto a 2-dimensional plane) STATISTICA uses a default color palette consisting of 10 colors ranging from dark green through light greens, yellows, and oranges to shades of red. This color palette can be viewed in the Defining colors area on the bottom half of the Surface Specifications dialog. The number of colors in the palette can be set anywhere in the range from 2 to 11 in the Number of defining colors box, and the individual color blocks can be changed by clicking the arrow at the right side of each color window. Note that you can make global changes to the color palette on the Graphs 1 tab of the Options dialog.

Color selection by interpolation. The number of color levels required (as determined by the number of minor tickmarks or another option specified in the Get shading levels from box on the Surface Specifications dialog) is compared by STATISTICA against the number of color levels available in the defined palette. The colors to be applied are then picked across the range of the palette by interpolation between the specified defining colors.

Can I 3D Zoom on a Selected Cube?

Yes. To select a cube in a 3D graph, click the zoom in button and drag the cursor across the portion of the graph you want to select. A cube will be drawn, and its sides will be reflected on the three axis (as shown below). You can fine-tune the sides of the cube by dragging any of resizing handles on the side reflections (the cursor will change to a double headed arrow when the handle is selected). You can also move the cube to another location on the graph, by dragging any of the side reflections (the cursor will change to a four headed arrow when the procedure is possible).

To zoom in on the selected cube, double-click on the cube. Note that if you have selected Clone graph on zoom from the View menu, the selected cube will be redrawn in a separate graph window.

Compound Graphs, Embedding Multiple Graph Management, Clipboard

How Can I Place One STATISTICA Graph into Another?

Pasting one graph into another. The easiest way to place one graph into another is to copy a graph displayed in one window (press CTRL+C or click the Copy toolbar button), and then move to the target graph window and paste it there (press CTRL+V or click the Paste toolbar button). The pasted graph will be displayed on the target graph. Now you can move or resize it like every other custom graphic object.

You can also change the properties of the pasted object by selecting Object Properties from its respective shortcut menu (right-click on an object). You can also edit the embedded object by double-clicking on it (following the standard OLE conventions).

Linking and embedding. Graphs and artwork saved as files can also be dynamically linked or statically embedded in the current graph by using the standard OLE facility, accessible by clicking the Graph Tools toolbar Insert OLE Object button or selecting OLE Object from the Insert menu.

How Can I Place a Foreign Graph or Artwork in a STATISTICA Graph?

The Clipboard-based operations (including linking and embedding and OLE as well as inserting) listed in the previous topic apply to all Windows-compatible graphs and artwork. Linking and embedding operations support graphs and artwork saved into bitmaps, Windows graphics metafiles, STATISTICA format graph files, and any OLE-compatible objects.

How Do I Place Text in a STATISTICA Graph? Even large portions of text (e.g., a report several pages long) can be pasted into STATISTICA Graphs using the Clipboard operations mentioned in the previous two topics. Additionally, you can paste a portion of a document into the graph window using the Paste Special command . To edit and customize the text (within STATISTICA Graphs), double-click the text to display the Graph Titles/Text dialog (for custom text) or the respective OLE server application (for pasting in text via the Paste Special command).

Both the Clipboard-based as well as inserting operations listed in the previous topic apply to all Windows compatible graphs and artwork (linking and embedding operations support any OLE-compliant objects).

What Are Compound Graphs?

Compound graphs are those that contain other graphs. STATISTICA can automatically create compound graphs (e.g., in the Quality Control module where one display contains four different types of graphs, or when you use the Multiple Graph AutoLayout Wizard.

Can I Represent Objects in Graphs as Expandable Icons?

Icons representing documents in Windows Explorer can be dragged across applications and dropped into STATISTICA Graphs. If the source application is OLE-compliant, the document will be displayed in the STATISTICA Graph.

If the source application is not OLE-compliant, then the document will be represented as an icon, either of the source application (if an association exists in Windows for the document's file extension), or of the Windows Object Packager (if no association exists).

These icons function as buttons; double-clicking on an icon will launch the application with which it is associated and open the file represented by the icon.

How Can I Copy an Entire STATISTICA Graph to the Clipboard?

Make sure that the window containing the graph to be copied is active, then press CTRL+C or click the Copy toolbar button.

STATISTICA Graphs can be pasted and linked or embedded in other application documents (e.g., word processor documents or spreadsheets) following standard OLE conventions. If STATISTICA Graphs are pasted to OLE-compatible applications, the graphs maintain their relation to STATISTICA and thus can be interactively edited from within the other application, or updated when the STATISTICA Graphs change.

If the STATISTICA Graph copied to the Clipboard has been saved (to a *.stg file), you can link it in other application documents (or STATISTICA's own) by selecting Paste Link from the Edit menu (or Paste Special).

How Can I Copy a Selected Part of a STATISTICA Graph to the Clipboard? Copying an object. Select a graphic object to be copied by clicking on it (be sure that you are in default pointing mode, i.e., the Selection Tool button on the toolbar is clicked. Graphic objects are all objects you have created on the screen such as a custom text, a segment of a drawing, or an embedded graph or artwork. When the object is selected, press CTRL+C. Alternatively, you can click the Copy toolbar button.

Copying a rectangular section of the graph. Enable the Screen Catcher by pressing ALT+F3 or selecting it from the Edit menu. The mouse pointer will change to a small circle with a cross hair; place the cross hair in the upper-left corner of the area to be copied, then drag it to the lower-right corner (a rectangle will indicate the exact area that you are selecting). When you release the mouse button, the selected area will be automatically copied to the Clipboard in the bitmap format (there is no need to click the Copy button). Note that the Screen Catcher can be used to copy any rectangular part of the screen, not only in the graph window from which it was called but any part of the screen (even including parts that belong to other applications).

Copying a specific window. The Screen Catcher can also capture a specific window from the screen. To copy a specific window, select Capture Window from the Edit - Screen Catcher menu, and use the mouse pointer to select the desired window.

Can I Create a Blank Graph?

Yes. The quickest way to create a blank graph is to select Blank Graph from the Graphs - Multiple Graph Layouts menu. You can also select Wizard from the Graphs - Multiple Graph Layouts menu to display the AutoLayout Wizard - Step 1 dialog. On this dialog, click the Blank button in the Add Graphs group, and then click the OK button to produce a "compound" graph containing one blank graph. You can then add new or existing graph objects (e.g., added text, embedded or linked objects, arrows, freehand drawings, previously saved graphs, etc.) to that blank graph.

The Multiple Graph AutoLayout Wizard (see below) and the Templates option (from the Graphs - Multiple Graph Layouts menu) can also be used to design and produce a custom layout. Alternatively, the Snap to Grid facility can be used. The Alignment Grid (accessible from the View menu) and/or the dynamically updated cursor coordinates can be used to aid in the visual placement and alignment of the graph objects in the blank graph.

Can I Place Multiple Graphs on One Page?

Several graphs can be printed on one page by linking or embedding them within a blank graph (see above). Although this can be done manually using cut-and-paste (and Snap to Grid), the easiest method is to use either the Multiple Graph Layouts/Templates, which automates placement of multiple graphs on one page.

What Is the Multiple Graph AutoLayout Wizard?

The Multiple Graph AutoLayout Wizard can be accessed from the Graphs menu. The Multiple Graph AutoLayout Wizard assists you in selecting and arranging graphs to be placed on the same page.

Graphs can be selected from all currently open STATISTICA Graph windows (in all currently open STATISTICA modules), or from graph files previously saved to disk; blank graphs (to be filled or replaced later) can also be used.

How Can I Undo Operations on Objects?

A multi-level undo option (available from the Edit menu, by clicking the Undo toolbar button, or by pressing CTRL+Z) maintains up to 32 buffers (steps), which also include operations on objects.

Printing Graphs

Do All Printer Drivers Support Rotated Fonts? Most properly configured printers supported by Windows can handle rotated fonts; however, some printer drivers support some of the advanced printer control features used by STATISTICA only when they are set to a higher resolution (e.g., higher than 300 DPI) and/or when they are set to print fonts as graphics. If you encounter problems (e.g., rotated text is printed as unrotated or "uncovered" text is revealed that was supposed to be covered), consult the documentation included with your printer for direction on printing TrueType fonts as graphics or setting your printer to a higher resolution.

Do All Printers Support the Non-Transparent Overlaying of Graphic Objects?

Most properly configured printers supported by Windows can properly handle printing of non-transparent overlays used in STATISTICA Graphs; see the previous topic for advice on how to configure the printer driver.

Are Fonts Set to Specific Sizes Always Printed Having the Requested Physical Sizes?

No, it depends on the current setting of the Auto-adjust to Size check box and the Scaling of fonts/markers value on the Graphs 2 tab of the Options dialog (accessible via the Tools - Options menu). If the Auto-adjust to Size check box is selected, the fonts will be printed at their specified physical sizes (as set in points; 1 point = 1/72 of an inch). Specifically, the fonts will appear printed in their exact physical size, i.e.:

This is 4 point
This is 6 point
This is 8 point
This is 10 point
This is 12 point
This is 14 point
This is 16 point
This is 18 point
This is 20 point

The manner in which the font size settings as requested in the graph translate into the actual physical sizes of the fonts that are displayed or printed can be globally adjusted on the Graphs 2 tab of the Options dialog, accessible from the Tools - Options menu. This can also be done interactively for individual graphs using the Decrease Font or Increase Font buttons on the Graph Tools toolbar.

Can I quickly Adjust Sizes of All Fonts in a Graph?

In STATISTICA, all graph displays and printouts can be continuously scaled. STATISTICA will also automatically adjust the sizes of all fonts, markers, spacing, etc., such that manual adjustments of individual font sizes are rarely necessary.

You can interactively decrease or increase the size of the selected text or point marker by clicking the Decrease Font or Increase Font buttons (respectively) on the Graph Tools toolbar. Each click of the toolbar button changes the font size (or point marker) by one point (i.e., one click of the Increase Font button will increase the font size or point marker by one point). Note that if you have not selected any text or point markers, clicking these buttons will increase or decrease all text and point markers by one point.

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